写作学习成果(LOs)

1. 什么是学习成果?

Learning outcomes are statements that capture the specific knowledge, skills or abilities that we intend students to learn from an activity, 课程, 或Procedures. 的y help us by providing measurable and focused targets for student learning. 从学习成果作为终点开始, we can better design our instruction and Proceduresming to include relevant activities, materials and assessments that all align with the end goal.

2. 缩小学习成果范围

A practical approach is to first brainstorm 5-10 things you want your students to be able to do as a result of your 课程, Procedures, 活动或服务. Of those 5-10, try to identify the 3-6 things that are the most important. Having too many learning outcomes presents challenges in assessing all the outcomes, as well as using learning assessment data to make a reasonable number of improvements.

3. 学习成果的结构

A learning outcome contains one appropriate verb (an action) and an object (usually a noun).

• 的 appropriate verb refers to actions associated with the domain.
• 的 object describes the knowledge or ability students are expected to acquire or construct.
• It often begins with ‘Students will be able to’ or ‘Graduates will’, 但是对于课程水平的结果，你不需要这些词.

在这个模型中, 基于布鲁姆分类法的认知领域, each section of the pie shows an example of a learning domain from ‘Remember’, 最低的, “创建”, 最高的, 加上适当的动作动词.

If you are creating learning outcomes in an applied trade or 职业生涯 field you may also need to explore what Bloom called the ‘Psychomotor Domain’. 更高层次的 this pyramid pair well with judge/evaluate/critique verbs in the cognitive domain.

对于一个Procedures, you don't always need to reach the 'embody' level; set students up to master harder skills on the job. 对于一个课程, try to get up to 'manipulate' or 'perfect' level for specific skills, 专注于掌握基本技能. Use rubrics with specific criteria to help measure a skill/action at different levels, 把它分成几个部分.

教务实例

1. Students will be able to evaluate the credibility of a source.
2. Students will be able to design a database for 人力资源 use.
   
3. Students will be able to construct a door frame according to industry standards.
   

学生事务的例子

1. Students will be able to identify resources for professional networking.
2. Students will be able to reflect on the personal and social implications of their behavior.
   

4. 完善学习成果

It is not uncommon when creating Learning Outcomes to draft initial statements that could benefit from some revisions. Making them concise, specific and measurable can be challenging. Here are a few approaches to help with revising your outcomes, along with examples of outcomes that could benefit from revisions:

• Avoid multiple verbs and objects – choose the verb that matches 最高的 level of learning that students can reasonably be expected to achieve in the 课程/Procedures/activity/服务.

Needs revision: Students will identify possible safety hazards, use protective equipment and maintain a safe work environment.

改进:学生将保持一个安全的工作环境.

• Avoid using ‘understand’ or ‘demonstrate knowledge of’ as verbs – they are not measurable.

Needs revision: Students will demonstrate knowledge of Residence Life policies in their personal living environment.

Improved: Students will prioritize Residence Life policies in their personal living environment.

• Use clear and learner-friendly language that students or the general public can understand.

需要修改:撰写可读性强的散文, 条理清晰的:以清晰而细致的组织为特征的, coherent paragraphs and well-constructed sentences that employ the conventions of appropriate diction.

Improved: Students will write clear and well-organized paragraphs.

5. 评估学习成果

Once the Learning Outcomes are written, you can start to think about how to assess them. Every outcome should be assessed in some way to measure student learning, 给予反馈并做出改进. 的 评价方法 应该与学习成果和水平相适应吗.

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祝贺你取得了很好的学习成果! 这是设计过程中很重要的一步. 如果你想要更多关于课程结果的帮助, Procedures, 或者课外活动, 请透过电邮联络我们 AEI@cgicalendars.com 或者到3110房间.

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